Effect Of Nutritional Treatment Research Articles

Antioxidant action of yerba mate on carcass and meat characteristics and fatty acid profile in meat and fat of lambs finished in tropical pastures

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation with natural antioxidants from Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) on the performance, carcass and meat characteristics, and fatty acid profile in meat and fat of Texel × Ile de France lambs kept in Brachiaria-grass pasture. Twenty lambs with a mean age of 90days and 26.3kg of BW were distributed in a completely randomized design in two treatments with 10 replicates/treatment: Control-protein-energy supplement based on corn and soybean meal (150g/kg DM of crude protein) without the addition of natural antioxidant yerba mate and Yerba Mate - energy protein supplement with the addition of yerba mate (110g/kg DM). There was no treatment effect on animal performance and carcass characteristics. The subcutaneous fat thickness was significantly higher for lambs treated without yerba mate. There was no effect of nutritional treatments on the oxidative markers of lamb meat. The muscle of the animals treated with yerba mate showed a higher concentration of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids elaidic, linolenic, thymnodonic, docosadienoic, and ceorvonic. The fat of the animals treated with yerba mate showed a higher concentration of palmitoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, heneicosanoic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in meat and fat of lambs treated with yerba mate. Including yerba mate in the diet of lambs kept on Brachiaria pastures improves the lipid profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat and fat, without altering the performance of the animals.

Could Dietary Supplementation with Different Sources of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modify the Rabbit Gut Microbiota?

The present study evaluated the effects of feed supplemented with two dietary sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; fish oil and extruded flaxseed) on the gut microbiota, caecal fermentations, gastrointestinal histology, and histochemistry in rabbits. Fifteen male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups (n = 5/group) and fed with different diets from weaning (35 days of age) until slaughtering (90 days of age): C group, fed with a commercial diet; F group, supplemented with 10% of extruded flaxseed; and O group, supplemented with 3.5% of fish oil. At slaughter, the content of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon was collected and analyzed by Next Generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Tissue samples of the same tracts were evaluated with histological and histochemical analysis. Ammonia and lactic acid in the caecum were also quantified. Twenty-nine operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly different between groups. Groups receiving n-3 PUFAs supplementation showed an increase in Bacteroidetes and Lachnospiraceae in several gastrointestinal tracts, while Bacilli abundance, as well as Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, were reduced compared to the control group (for all p < 0.05). Caecal ammonia was lower in the F than C group (p < 0.032), whereas no difference was found for lactic acid. Finally, histological evaluations revealed a mild hemorrhagic infiltration and vessels ectasia in the stomach mucosa of both F and O groups, but no effect of nutritional treatment was evidenced by the histochemical analyses. In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs supplementation could modify the rabbit gut microbiota and fermentation. The increase in beneficial bacterial populations may, at least partially, explain the positive effects of n-3 PUFAs diet supplementation on human and animals’ health, although the appropriate dosage should be established.

Effects of nutritional treatments on morphological characteristics and essential oil yield of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad

To investigate the effects of different nutritional treatments on morphological characteristics, essential oil yield, and the amount of some elements in the soil and plant branches of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications and 14 nutritional treatments during two growing seasons (2017-2018, 2018-2019). Treatments included 1- C (control), 2- NPK (Chemical fertilizer 50-25-25 kg.ha-1), 3- CM30, 4- CM60 (CM: Cattle manure 30 and 60 ton.ha-1), 5- CM30+NPK, 6- CM60+NPK, 7- V5 (Vermicompost 50 ton.ha-1), 8- V5+NPK, 9- GM (Glomus mosseae), 10- GI (Glomus intraradices), 11- S0+T, 12- S250+T, 13- S500+T (S: Sulfur 0, 250, and 500 kg.ha-1, T: Thiobacillus), and 14- V5+T. The analysis of variance showed the significant effect (p ≤0.01) of year×fertilizer treatments on the all morphological characteristics, percentage and essential oil yield, and the amount of potassium and sulfur of plant branches. The highest plant height in the first and second years was related to the CM30+NPK and CM60 treatments, respectively. The highest number of branches in the first and second years was observed in the CM30+NPK and GM treatments, respectively. The CM30+NPK treatment had the highest shade width in both years. Also, the highest amount of dry matter of flowering branches in the first and second years was related to the CM30+NPK and V5+T treatments, respectively. According to the results, the highest essential oil percentage in the first and second years was observed in the GM and S0 + T treatments, respectively. The application of V5+NPK and V5 +T treatments significantly increased the essential oil yield in the first and second years, respectively. The results also showed that the highest potassium content of branches in the first and second years was related to the GI and V5 + NPK treatments, respectively. Also, the highest sulfur content of branches in the first and second years was obtained in the V5 and S500 + T treatments, respectively. In general, the present study showed that the use of biofertilizers increases the efficiency of essential oil percentage and the amount of nutrients in this plant. Also, it could be recommended to use vermicompost along with the chemical and biological fertilizers to increase the essential oil yield of Satureja khuzistanica.

153 Do pre and postnatal nutrition interact to program reproductive phenotype in sexually mature heifers?

Abstract Objectives were to test the hypothesis that nutritional extremes during pregnancy in the bovine female negatively affect phenotypic characteristics of the estrous cycle of sexually mature offspring, and to determine whether these effects interact with postnatal diets during the juvenile period. Beginning at 90 d of pregnancy, Brangus and Braford (n = 108) beef cows with a female fetus were fed to achieve body condition scores of 7.5–8 (H, obese), 5–5.5 (M, moderate) or 3–3.5 (L, very thin) by the start of the third trimester. Heifer offspring were weaned and fed to gain at either a high (H; 1 kg/d) or low (L; 0.5 kg/d) rate between 4 and 8 months of age, then fed a common growth diet until puberty. Estrous cycles of a subgroup (n = 53) were synchronized using 2 injections of prostaglandin F2α(PGF). Transrectal ultrasonography was employed during the follicular phase of two estrous cycles to evaluate antral follicle count(AFC), rate of growth and size of the ovulatory follicle, size of corpus luteum(CL), and endometrial thickness. Blood samples were collected daily for assay of plasma concentrations of progesterone(P4) and estradiol-17β(E2) by RIA. Preliminary data (n = 35) were analyzed using ANOVA and mixed model procedures. Least Squares Means estrous cycle length (20.9 ± 0.2 days), AFC (19.7 ± 1.0), follicular growth rate (0.81 ± 0.11), ovulatory follicle size (12.8 ± 0.2 mm), CL size (16.8 ± 0.6 mm), and endometrial thickness (14.6 ± 0.3 mm) did not differ among treatments. Heifers in postnatal H group tended (P &amp;lt; 0.1) to have a greater area (arbitrary units) under the E2 curve (12.6 ± 0.6) than postnatal L (11.3 ± 0.5) during the follicular phase. Normalized AUC for P4 was greater (P &amp;lt; 0.03) in L/H (56.94 ± 3.22) than both M/H (42.98 ± 3.61) and L/L (43.66 ± 3.22) groups. Despite marked pre- and postnatal nutritional contrasts, independent and interactive effects of nutritional treatments have been of minor significance or undetectable to date.

Factors Affecting Fish Blood Profile: A- Effect of Nutritional Treatments

Factors Affecting Fish Blood Profile: A- Effect of Nutritional Treatments

Effect of Nutritional Treatments on Physiological Characteristics and Tuberization of Potato Plants under Hydroponic Sand Culture

Under hydroponic condition, number and size of potato tubers are usually controlled by nutritional factors such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and pH. The main objective of the present study was to find an appropriate combination of N, P, and pH (with respect to tuber number) under hydroponic sand culture and to evaluate the physiological traits affected by nutrients and pH. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications was conducted. Results showed that higher phosphorus concentration for 10 days increased tuber number per plant, but tuberization was not influenced by nitrogen interruption and intermittent reduction of pH. Neither N, P, nor pH treatments affected total nitrogen concentration of potato leaf, stem, and tuber. Higher phosphorus concentration increased the level of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), induced tuberization and thereby increased net photosynthesis rate of potato plants.

Artykuły poglądowe Wpływ leczenia żywieniowego na funkcjonowanie układu immunologicznego

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Kosel J, Kościuczuk U, Siemiątkowski A. The effect of nutritional treatment on immune function. Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny. 2013;8(3):147-155. doi:10.5114/pg.2013.36327. APA Kosel, J., Kościuczuk, U., & Siemiątkowski, A. (2013). The effect of nutritional treatment on immune function. Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny, 8(3), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2013.36327 Chicago Kosel, Juliusz, Urszula Kościuczuk, and Andrzej Siemiątkowski. 2013. "The effect of nutritional treatment on immune function". Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny 8 (3): 147-155. doi:10.5114/pg.2013.36327. Harvard Kosel, J., Kościuczuk, U., and Siemiątkowski, A. (2013). The effect of nutritional treatment on immune function. Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny, 8(3), pp.147-155. https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2013.36327 MLA Kosel, Juliusz et al. "The effect of nutritional treatment on immune function." Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny, vol. 8, no. 3, 2013, pp. 147-155. doi:10.5114/pg.2013.36327. Vancouver Kosel J, Kościuczuk U, Siemiątkowski A. The effect of nutritional treatment on immune function. Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny. 2013;8(3):147-155. doi:10.5114/pg.2013.36327.

Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk in anorexia nervosa; the effect of nutritional treatment.

The aim of this study was to explore the lipid profile in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and the changes with refeeding. The sample comprised 102 AN outpatients (mean age 22.32 ± 3.17). Blood tests, after 12-hour overnight fast, were performed before refeeding (M(0)) and after weight restoration (M(1)). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides (TRG) were determined and the following cardiovascular risk markers were calculated: LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios. These cut-off points were considered: TC < 200 mg/dl; HDL > 40 mg/dl; LDL < 100 mg/dl and TRG < 150 mg/dl. The time leading to weight restoration was 8.16 ± 7.35 months. Considering patients with scores higher and lower than the corresponding cut-off points, X²-test revealed a significant difference (M(0)-M(1)) in case of TC (p < 0.05) as well as between LDL/HDL(0) and LDL/HDL(1) (p < 0.05) and between TC/HDL(0) and TC/HDL(1) (p < 0.01). Significant differences were found between HDL(0) and HDL(1) (p < 0.01) and between TRG(0) and TRG(1) (p < 0.01). Significant and negative associations between BMI(0) and TC(0) (r = -0.331; p < 0.05) and between TRG(0) and HDL(0) (r = -0.387; p < 0.05) were found. The association between TRG(1) and LDL(1) was significant and positive. Weight restoration tends to decrease the TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios despite a considerable percentage of patients maintain scores on the different variables of the lipid profile usually considered at risk.

Effect of silvicultural treatments on growth, fertility and capsule traits in seedling seed orchards of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis

The effects of nutritional treatments and the flowering promoter Paclobutrazol™ on tree growth and fertility were studied in unpedigreed seedling seed orchards (SSOs) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis at two locations in southern India. At Pudukkottai, a semi-arid site in Tamil Nadu State, five treatments were applied: (1) untreated control, (2) nitrogen (two doses of urea at 217 g N/tree), (3) nitrogen plus phosphorus (two doses of 312 g single superphosphate), potassium (two doses of 83 g muriate of potash) and trace elements (two doses of 10 g sodium borate and 25 g zinc sulphate), (4) pollarding trees at 4 m height with application of N, P, K and trace elements, (5) drenching with the flowering promoter Paclobutrazol (0.25 ml active ingredient per cm of stem girth) along with N, P, K and trace elements. At Panampalli, a higher-rainfall site in Kerala State, only treatments 1, 2 and 3 were applied. Four replicates of treatment plots sized 18 m × 18 m, with 22–32 trees per plot were set up in each orchard in randomized complete block designs. Untreated plots of E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis at Pudukkottai displayed 12 and 21% fertile trees, respectively, in the first year of monitoring, while at Panampally the percentage of fertile trees in untreated E. camaldulensis plots was higher at 72%, and that of E. tereticornis similar at 23%. Both species attained greater stem diameter at breast height at age 9 years at the higher-rainfall location but there was no significant impact of fertilizer application on 9-year diameter at either site. Diameter was reduced by pollarding and Paclobutrazol application at Pudukkottai. Only Paclobutrazol produced a significant increase in fertility in both species for four successive years, increasing the percentage of fertile trees to 59 and 71%, respectively, for E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis 1 year after application. The number of capsules produced per tree also increased significantly with Paclobutrazol application, although the difference was comparatively less by the fourth year. The number of capsules per umbel did not differ significantly between locations, whereas the germination rate varied between treatments although no consistent trends were observed.

Effect of maternal undernutrition on fetal testicular steroidogenesis during the CNS androgen-responsive period in male sheep fetuses

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal undernutrition, applied during physiologically relevant stages of development of the reproductive system, on reproductive development in male sheep fetuses. Groups of ewes (n = 11-19) were fed rations providing either 100% (high; H) or 50% (low; L) of metabolizable energy requirements for live weight maintenance during selected 'windows', bounded by days 0, 30, 50, 65 and 110 after mating. Ewes of control groups (HH (Expts 1 and 2) and HHH (Expt 3)) were fed the H ration from mating until they were killed at day 50 (Expt 1), day 65 (Expt 2) or day 110 (Expt 3) of gestation, whereas ewes of other groups were fed the L ration for the periods days 0-30 of gestation (LH and LHH), days 31-50 or days 31-65 of gestation (HL and HLH), days 65-110 of gestation (HHL), or day 0 to day 50, day 65 or day 110 of gestation (LL and LLL) when the animals were killed. At day 50 of gestation, there was no effect of nutritional treatment on mean fetal mass or fetal testicular mass, but there was increased expression of mRNA for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the testes of LL animals (P < 0.05) compared with HH controls. Compared with HH animals, the mean plasma testosterone concentrations of LL fetuses tended to be higher, but this result did not reach significance. At day 65 of gestation there were no significant differences between treatments in mean fetal masses, testicular masses, mean plasma testosterone concentrations or StAR mRNA content. At day 110 of gestation, fetal masses in the LLL group were lower (P < 0.01) than those of control fetuses, although no differences in testicular size or fetal plasma testosterone concentrations were recorded. It is concluded that the effects of undernutrition on reproductive development of male sheep fetuses are dependent on the timing of the period of undernutrition.

Effect of maternal undernutrition during pregnancy on early ovarian development and subsequent follicular development in sheep fetuses

Gonad development in female sheep fetuses is thought to occur in a number of key stages. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal undernutrition, applied at one or more of these critical stages, on fetal ovarian development. Groups of ewes (n = 11-19) were fed rations providing either 100% (high; H) or 50% (low; L) of energy requirements for live weight maintenance during selected 'windows' during gestation. Control ewes (HH and HHH) were fed the H ration from mating until they were killed at days 50, 65 (HH) or 110 (HHH) of gestation, whereas ewes of other groups were fed the L ration for the periods between day 0 and day 30 of gestation (LH and LHH), day 31 and day 50 or 65 of gestation (HL and HLH), day 65 and day 110 of gestation (HHL) or day 0 of gestation until the animals were killed (LL and LLL). At day 50 of gestation, there was no effect of nutritional treatment on mean fetal mass but compared with HH animals, mean fetal ovarian mass was significantly lower in HL (P < 0.05) and LL (P < 0.001) animals. At day 65 of gestation, there were significantly fewer germ cells (P < 0.05) at the resting, diplotene stage of initial meiosis in LL animals than there were in HH animals, indicating delayed germ cell maturation and onset of meiosis. Qualitative assessment of proliferative cell nuclear antigen immunostaining indicated that, at day 50 of gestation, staining was located predominantly in the germ cells, whereas by day 65 of gestation, staining was confined predominantly to somatic cells. Undernutrition in each one of these windows was associated with delayed ovarian follicular development (P < 0.05-0.001) as measured by development of the granulosa cell layer at day 110 of gestation. This study demonstrates that undernutrition before and during folliculogenesis can delay fetal follicular development.

Turnover of short-lived proteins in chick leukocytes following dietary treatments.

The effect of protein intake (10 vs. 20%) on synthesis and degradation of short-lived leukocyte proteins in vitro was shown in 21-day-old chicks. Protein synthesis was measured for 1 or 2 h and protein degradation for 1.5 or 4 h following an 8-day dietary treatment. Leukocyte proteins were fractionated on a slab gel into 11 or 100 fractions, and the imaging radioactivity was calculated for protein synthesis and degradation. The degradation rates in most of the protein fractions were higher in the leukocytes of chicks fed 20% dietary protein than in those fed 10% protein. Protein fractions of M(r) approximately 25-37 kD exhibited the most marked differences between the two dietary treatments. This technique of measuring turnover rates of short-lived proteins in leukocytes could potentially be used to examine the effect of nutritional treatments in animals and man as well as to check the effect of catabolic conditions in humans on protein turnover.

Compliance and effects of nutritional treatment on progression and metabolic disorders of chronic renal failure

Low-protein, low-phosphorus diets (LPD) are prescribed to patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) to slow down the rate of progression of CRF and to control uraemic symptoms. A satisfactory adherence of patients to the prescribed diet is needed to meet these two goals. We studied the compliance of CRF patients to a LPD providing daily (per kg body weight) 0.3 g protein, 3-5 mg phosphorus, 35 kcal, and supplemented with essential amino-acids and keto-analogues. Forty CRF patients were studied for 23.3 +/- 10.8 months (range 12-45). Compliance to LPD was evaluated by dietary inquiry and protein intake estimated from urinary urea excretion. According to compliance to LPD, patients were retrospectively assigned to the compliant (n = 27) or the non-compliant (n = 13) group. GFR measured by the urinary clearance of [51Cr]-EDTA was identical in the two groups at the start of the study: compliant patients 15.7 +/- 5.3 ml/mn, non-compliant patients 15.4 +/- 5.9 ml/mn. The decrease of GFR was -0.08 +/- 0.22 ml/min per month in compliant patients versus -0.31 +/- 0.37 ml/min per month in non-compliant patients (P < 0.02). These results were not demonstrated if the progression of CRF was assessed by the linear regressions over time of creatinine clearance or the reciprocal of creatinine. Serum bicarbonate, serum phosphorus and PTH levels were corrected by LPD in compliant patients (P < 0.005 for all parameters) but not in non-compliant patients. These results suggest that evaluation of compliance is necessary to assess the response of CRF patients to LPD, whether the aim is to slow the progression of CRF or to control its metabolic consequences. A beneficial effect of compliance to LPD was demonstrated upon these two goals.

Fibronectin in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Dialysis

Fibronectin (FN) levels were determined in 64 cases with chronic renal failure (CRF), some of whom were undergoing dialysis. FN levels were 14.9 +/- 7.6 mg/dl in CRF (n = 20), 13.4 +/- 4.3 mg/dl in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (n = 20) and 16.7 +/- 7.2 mg/dl in patients on hemodialysis (HD) (n = 24). All the levels were significantly lower than in normal subjects (23.1 +/- 4.6 mg/dl). Serum FN was compared with some nutritional indices. Positive correlations were found between serum FN and nitrogen balance (BN), serum prealbumin (PreA) and transferrin (Tf) in all the patients. With serum albumin (Alb), however, this correlation was only found in patients undergoing dialysis. Negative correlations were found between serum FN and the ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine (Surea/Scr) in CAPD and HD patients. In 10 CAPD patients, the low serum FN levels went up after increased protein intake. This indicates that it was the result of malnutrition due to decreased protein intake. Serum FN level reflects a negative BN earlier and better than serum PreA, Tf and Alb. It is a sensitive, reliable and simple index for judging the nutritional protein status and the effect of nutritional treatment in patients with CRF undergoing dialysis.

Studies on the characteristics of the thickening of storage root of sweet potato. I. Influence of subterranean environmental conditions on the thickening of storage root.

Investigation on the storage root yield of sweet potato was carried out under different underground conditions by utilizing gravel culture. Roots were divided into three different functional parts: storage roots, roots developed from the stem (RA), and roots from the storage roots (RC). Different kinds of soil and soil moisture levels were applied to storage roots and different concentrations of culture solution were applied to RA and RC. These treatments were given during the thickening stage of storage roots. 1) Material plants grown by the gravel culture method exhibited normal growth. The yield in the control plot was higher than the yield obtained under the ordinary field conditions. 2) Application of a culture solution to RA and RC was more effective on storage root yield. On the other hand, the effect of soil and its moisture contents of storage roots was comparatively small on their yield and dry matter content. 3) The research results suggested that the direct effects of soil and its moisture contents on storage root were smaller than the effects of nutritional treatments on rootlet.

Growth and mineralisation of antlers in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Abstract In a study of antler growth and mineralisation, 18 red deer stags aged 4 years and older were individually penned immediately before and during antler growth and offered one of three pelleted rations which varied in protein and calcium (Ca) content. One antler was removed from a stag in each treatment group at 28, 42, 56, 70, 91, and 112 days of growth. The contralateral antler was removed when epidermal tissue began to be shed (velvet shedding). No effect of nutritional treatment on antler growth was detected. Mean time of velvet shedding was 164 days after the start of antler growth. Date of antler casting (range = 56 days) was more variable than date of velvet shedding (range = 24 days). Increase in length and weight followed a typical growth curve with the most rapid phases, 0.67 cm/day and 13.7 g/day respectively, occurring between 28 and 112 days after casting. By 112 days, antlers had achieved about 95 and 127% of final length and weight. Three phases of mineralisation were demonstrated. T...

Effect of Nutritional Treatment against Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Effect of Nutritional Treatment against Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Effect of Nutritional Treatments on the Productive Performance of Brown Swiss Male Calves. 2-Carcass Characteristics

Effect of Nutritional Treatments on the Productive Performance of Brown Swiss Male Calves. 2-Carcass Characteristics

Effect of nutritional treatment on the productive performance of brown Swiss male calves. 1. Body weight gain and nutrients digestibility

Effect of nutritional treatment on the productive performance of brown Swiss male calves. 1. Body weight gain and nutrients digestibility

The Effect of Nutritional Treatments on Post-Harvest Quality and Flavour of Valencia Oranges

SummarySamples of fruit from Valencia orange trees that had been treated with either urea phosphate or potassium nitrate foliar sprays or with soil-applied potassium sulphate, were examined after standard commercial shipment and handling. In acceptability trials using a large taste panel, fruit from urea phosphate-treated trees had the highest ratings for freedom from skin blemishes, sweetness, a pleasant degree of acidity and fruit flavour; soil-applied potassium was associated with a tendency to tartness.